To the joy of the national government in 2009 Ukrtelecom may conclude with a profit. At least, financial results will look much better than in 2008, when the operator”s net loss reached 1.5 billion UAH. Despite this, the continued operation of the largest fixed-line operator is complicated. Against the background of declining revenues as a result of competition from mobile operators and the lack of recent management decisions Ukrtelecom may lead to disastrous consequences.
most controversial step can be called the signing in late 2009 the first new contracts interconnect with Kyivstar and MTS-Ukraine. This will lead to loss gosoperatorom more than 100 million UAH. at the beginning of this year and further reduce cost. In order not to drive on the street nearly 90 thousand employees Ukrtelecom, the state will be forced to go to the deteriorating conditions in the communications market.
down an inclined
When in 2004 George was appointed head Dzekon Ukrtelecom, the company looked like the goose that lays golden eggs. 2003rd she finished with a net profit of 616 million UAH., In 2004 managed to earn over 900 million Such successes rescued bad state annually collects hundreds of millions of hryvnia in budget revenues.
But inevitably loomed ahead of privatization, reflecting a European trend of telecommunications. Already in 1999 adopted the Law “On peculiarities of privatization of Ukrtelecom, which included the sale of 42% of the shares of the operator. The arrival of the private owner, according to most experts, would enhance the efficiency of management and would take the company to new levels.
every year since the early 2000″s privatization has been brewing and - postponed. Particularly active this question began to be discussed after the arrival of the new government in 2005 and the successful re-privatization of Krivorozhstal, during which the state treasury replenished 24,2 billion UAH. The main contenders for Ukrtelecom called a number of major Western European operators, but in fact the struggle was between the two major players in Russia”s telecommunications market - “Altima” and “System”.
to modernize and increase the value of the spring of 2005 Ukrtelecom allowed to draw a loan of $ 500 million from Deutsche Bank and Credit Suisse, and at the end of the year - issued a license for third-generation, bypassing the contest and began preparations for the construction of mobile network.
But carry out privatization did not succeed. The reasons at different times become political conflicts between the higher branches of power or inadequate conditions. So, at first hovering idea of selling a 42.7-percent package while maintaining state control, and then - the sale of shares in small packets that are unlikely to be interested in investors who understand the need for major structural changes in Ukrtelecom after purchase. Moreover, as a result of high-tech crisis in the U.S. in 2001 and the active development of mobile operators attractiveness of large operators of wireline telephony significantly decreased. When the government finally dared to sell a controlling stake, the moment was lost. Most likely, forever.
Despite the impressive financial performance in the first half of the decade, the prospects Ukrtelecom became less rosy. The major problems were overblown staff and increasing competition from mobile operators. Prior to the cuts in 2008 in Ukrtelecom employed 120 thousand people, serving about 10 million fixed-line communications, while in European wireline operators staff considerably less. For example, in Telekom Austria in business fixed telephony involved 8,5 thousand employees at 2.3 million served by telephone lines. A total of Telekom Austria Group, providing services to fixed-mobile communications and Internet access in many countries of Eastern Europe, working less than 17 thousand employees.
pond lost opportunities
And yet Ukrtelecom was more than enough resources to reverse the situation and improve their prospects. This is the largest transportation network data capacity which were ready to lease other mobile and fixed communications. Sewerage and cable telecommunications (KKE), which provides a stable rental payments from users, operators. And, finally, a huge number of subscribers, which could offer new services at an additional cost.
However, most effectively use these resources management Ukrtelecom has failed. Top managers of private operators tell us that the state monopolies was not ready to provide attractive lease their resources, resulting in larger companies tried, whenever possible, to build its own infrastructure. As a result, backbone networks now have almost all the major operators in the country, and the excess capacity does not allow to make a delivery of the transport network in the lease. Main Control and Revision Office (Supreme Arbitrage) estimated the forgone Ukrtelecom income from this direction at the level of 900 million UAH.
gosoperatora hinder cooperation with private companies in the rental capacity transit network and the conflict could managerial and proprietary interests of George Dzekona. Thus, the market there are two leading companies in designing and laying of transport networks - Priocom and Atracom. Previously, “ZN” already wrote that both companies are controlled by George Dzekonu and his business partners (see number 6 of 6 March 2004). In particular, until recently the head of “Priokoma was Yevgeny Zimin, a defendant in the scandal surrounding the transit server and CEC BYuT faction. It is called the trustee G. Dzekona.
fact
affiliation “Priokoma and Atrakoma” is not a secret. Companies jointly participated in the construction and design of major transport networks to private operators. The largest project in the portfolio “Atrakoma” - building for Kyivstar transport network for 21 thousand kilometers. Other customers were UMC (now “MTS-Ukraine”), URS (TM Beeline), “Intertelecom”, “Datagroup” and “Telesystems of Ukraine”. “Priocom also completed projects for Kyivstar, MTS-Ukraine”, URS and Utel. Clearly, having access to transport infrastructure Ukrtelecom controlled by George Dzekonu company could inexpensively build a backbone network, and the motivation chapter board gosoperatora to offer online rentals in adequate conditions was close to zero.
Lack of effective work withexisting customers has led to the fact that mobile communication in Ukraine has become more and more to advance on a fixed position. This is especially apparent after the beginning of 2006, when the telecom market entrants - Astelit (TM life:) and Beeline - have fallen off the price of calls to mobile networks, and Ukrtelecom stubbornly refused to lower date rate
1,2 UAH. per minute for calls to cellular network operators. As a result, subscribers gosoperatora less communicate with mobile subscribers and gradually moved away from him. Now about 90% of calls of cellular subscribers is locked inside the mobile network operators.
Promising high-speed Internet service, which replaced dial-up access (dial-up), was significantly under-funded, resulting in output Ukrtelecom to market Internet access took place late and quite sluggish. Even in 2008, remained part of the connection fixed telephones and the Internet under the brand name “Wow!” Although gosoperator now serves about 800 thousand Internet users, the figures could be much higher due to the 10 million subscriber base. For example, from 1.8 million subscribers “will” use the Internet 370 thousand people, ie one in five. We Ukrtelecom - every 12-th. But Internet subscribers generate higher incomes than users of telephony, as rates on this relatively new service is not regulated by the state.
Reduce capital investment in the fixed network was partly due to dividend policy. According to the results in 2004 were paid to shareholders of 730 million UAH. (with net profit of 900 million UAH.), in 2005 - 208 million (519 million) in 2006 - 166 million (468 million UAH.). The lion”s share of that money was the state, making it easier for governments filling budgets.
then own and borrowed resources Ukrtelecom were directed at the most controversial projects - the development of third generation mobile communication (3G) under the trademark Utel. During the 2007-2008, according to G. Dzekona, the construction of a new network spent more than 1,5 billion UAH., Including 56 million UAH. - For an ad campaign.
Although the relationship of the third generation was then considered a promising, half point in the implementation of this project was lost after the collapse of negotiations with Vodafone, which took place in the middle
2007. Why is operators continued leadership as expensive project - the history is silent. But we know that in January 2008, the first - a month after the start of 3G-sales service - the director of marketing and sales services Utel left Helena Minic. To understand why this happened, should look at the results Ukrtelecom for the first quarter of 2009: for
January-March of proceeds from the sale of mobile communications services amounted to 22 million UAH. despite the fact that at that time subscribers Utel were 210 thousand people.
How long at these rates will pay off the project with polutoramilliardnymi investments - are difficult to calculate. Against this backdrop, looks very impressive sales
245 million UAH. from the sale of services “Wow!”. Although this figure could be increased.
crisis in the box
a more difficult market conditions and lack of consistency in the management of Ukrtelecom paid off in the middle of 2008, when the loss for the first two quarters exceeded UAH 100 million. and the Ministry of Transport and Communications was filed finplan with a net annual loss at the level of 1,5 billion
UAH.
about the same time a report was published Supreme Arbitrage, where they were given the numerous violations that led to the unjustified increase in costs or shortfall in the revenue of tens and hundreds of millions of hryvnia. The report noted that from 2004 to 2007 theproportion of the most expensive intercity and international traffic fell from 82 to 32%, subscriber acquisition was carried out inefficiently, resulting in 2007 in the queue for connection stood at 1.3 million 200 thousand idle trunks (the equivalent of 2 million subscribers). Attention was drawn to the irresponsible financial planning. In particular, for the year 2007 was founded an advertising budget of $ 160 million UAH., Ten times higher than limits set by the state. A management bonuses to 25 million UAH. exceeded the industry norm agreement between the Ministry of Transport and Communications and the communications workers” union.
That was not the first test Ukrtelecom of the Supreme Arbitrage. Violations occurred even in 2006, when the auditors pointed to inadequate cost accounting with mobile operators, in which state-owned company was losing tens of millions of hryvnia, and the concentration of financial flows in order to “hide the wiser.” However, neither of these checks, nor threaten to damage not cost the company management positions. Following criticism by the minister of transport and communication Joseph Vinsky adopted a new finplan in 2008, providing a profit of $ 8,7 million UAH.
To achieve this result, the market regulator - the National Commission for Communications Regulation (NCCR) - raised rates for urban and local networks in the regions by 20%, thereby closing a “hole” in the financial plan. In addition, the Government initiated the establishment of the universal service fund, which was filled by two-three-percent fee and allowances to be spent on unprofitable but socially important activities of operators. In a large portion of these funds (about 700 million UAH. Per year) would be able to claim Ukrtelecom, but Parliament refused to support the initiative, rejecting the bill.
all the “i” set up the crisis. In the fourth quarter of 2008 as a result of the devaluation of the hryvnia operator was forced to reassess its obligations to foreign creditors, which, coupled with falling demand and the backlog of earlier problems resulted in 2008-the first in a net loss of $ 1.52 billion UAH. Zakreditovannost Ukrtelecom can not be called very high: in the beginning of 2009 its obligations amounted to about 3 billion UAH. (with income in 2008 at the level of 7,9 billion UAH.). However, since 2009-the first state-owned companies have started large-scale payments previously received loans: for years she had to pay the equivalent of almost 1 billion UAH. foreign banks.
This free funds from Ukrtelecom virtually none. This can be seen in terms of placement in February 2009, during which Ukrtelecom attracted 200 million UAH. under 30% per annum in the first year of circulation of papers. Under the same percentage of occupied only in extreme cases, as, for example, the government late last year to implement the state budget.
Sensing the difficulty in attracting new money, George Dzekon started saving to the maximum. Under attack were employees. In addition to new large-scale reductions, they have lost all allowances and bonuses. And without them, motivate quality staff to work very hard. After all, the average salary in Ukrtelecom is 2 thousand grn. per month, while mobile operators are paying much more.
In addition, reductions are carried out effectively. According to staff, the first “under the knife” usually fall technical specialists in the field, while the vertical managerial less exposed “optimization”. The quality of service in such an approach, however.
been tightening and relationships with other operators. Suffered more than any other alternative operators of fixed communications. In the summer of 2009 Ukrtelecom increased charges for using the KKE, which he controls, in six to eight times. This cable is used for sewerage installation of telecommunication cables in the cities, where different hard to reach the customer. Losses from such a decision gosoperatora for tenants tens of millions of hryvnia, which is very important for not very large companies.
largest tenant KKE - Group of Companies Vega - refused to sign new contracts, resulting in suffering from the cable cutting in the regions, and its subscribers (including corporate) - from communication breakdowns. Regulators have yet been able to solve this problem, despite the apparent abuse of monopoly power.
large - in private
most dramatic conflict developed Ukrtelecom with mobile operators interconnect rates for access to network with each other (interconnect). Within the first anti-crisis decisions George Dzekona in late 2008, cellular operators were sent a proposal to renegotiate agreements on the interconnect to the new conditions.
Interconnect is one of the most effective mechanisms of market regulation. In fact, this wholesale charges for calls to operators at the number of subscribers served by competitors. The unit - one minute.
In the world there are different approaches to regulating market interconnect. In some countries, these rates are high, in some - Related Stories payments to non-existent. Practiced well as establishing different rates for different operators. For example, during the birth of mobile wholesale prices for calls to fixed networks were significantly lower than in the mobile. This led to the fact that the fixed operators actually subsidized the development of cell.
similar asymmetry exists for large and small operators: rates on large network, set at a lower level than on a network of small, what triggers the development and consolidation of the past due to the possibility to set lower rates.
in Ukraine until the end of 2008 interconnect rates were quite high (close to the retail cost of minute) and placed asymmetrically in favor of cellular operators. Thus, one minute call to the network Ukrtelecom they paid 25 kopeks., While for gosoperatora value of one minute call to the cellular network was 50 kopecks. Around the same working conditions and other operators of fixed communications.
This led to the fact that they, and especially Ukrtelecom, pay more mobile than they receive from them. A higher amount of rates complicated the entry of new players. In particular, Beeline, PEOPLEnet and Utel their failures is largely attributable to high rates of interconnect. Obviously, leaving them at the same level, depressing the state competition in the communications market and contributed to a super mobile operators.
Ð’ Ñтом Ñвете Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ “Укртелекома” переÑмотреть Ñтавки интерконнекта выглÑдели вполне логично. Однако компании, не Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÑ€ÑÑ‚ÑŒ доходы в уÑловиÑÑ… кризиÑа, отказалиÑÑŒ подпиÑать новые договоры, оÑпорив Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ñоператора в Ñудах. РазбирательÑтва вели вÑе крупнейшие Ñотовые операторы: “КиевÑтар”, “МТС-Украина” и “ÐÑтелит” (ТМ life:). Однако Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñудов лишь заморозили Ñитуацию в подвешенном ÑоÑтоÑнии.
ВеÑной 2009 года на арену вышел Ðнтимонопольный комитет Украины (ÐМКУ), от которого требовали признать вÑех операторов монополиÑтами на Ñвоих ÑетÑÑ… и разрешить отраÑлевому регулÑтору (ÐКРС) уÑтанавливать Ñтавки интерконнекта ÑамоÑтоÑтельно. ПоÑле некоторых проволочек Ðнтимонопольный комитет вÑе же принÑл волевое решение, однако буквально через неÑколько дней приоÑтановил его в ÑвÑзи Ñ “вновь открывшимиÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑтоÑтельÑтвами”. Такое решение противоречит процеÑÑуальной практике ÐМКУ, однако оно было принÑто в результате переговоров “КиевÑтара” и “МТС-Украина” Ñ ÐšÐ°Ð±Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð¼, которые завершилиÑÑŒ доÑрочной уплатой налога на прибыль Ñтими операторами.
Как выÑÑнилоÑÑŒ оÑенью, отÑутÑтвие подпиÑанных договоров было лишь на руку “Укртелекому”. Ведь количеÑтво звонков Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ñети на Ñети мобильных операторов до Ñих пор немного выше, чем в обратном направлении, поÑтому в уÑловиÑÑ… отÑутÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… раÑчетов оператор мог ÑÑкономить в 2009 году более 200 млн. грн. РуководÑтво допуÑкало возможноÑÑ‚ÑŒ не раÑÑчитыватьÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ñтому долгу. “ЕÑли в Ð²Ð¾Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñ Ñ€ÐµÐ³ÑƒÐ»Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñтавок вмешаютÑÑ ÐКРС и ÐМКУ, долг учитыватьÑÑ Ð½Ðµ будет, так как закон обратной Ñилы не имеет”, - отмечал в газете “КоммерÑант-Украина” директор филиала объединенных продаж “Укртелекома” Игорь Сиротенко. Ð’ третьем квартале “КиевÑтар” даже ÑпиÑал Ñту задолженноÑÑ‚ÑŒ, Ð¾Ñ†ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑ‚ÑŒ ее Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº маловероÑтную.
О том, что гоÑоператор не был намерен раÑÑчитыватьÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ интерконнекту за 2009 год, говорил и тот факт, что он пропуÑкал звонки операторов мобильной ÑвÑзи друг другу через Ñвою Ñеть, Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ Ð¸Ñ… раÑходы по данной Ñтатье. Ðтим пользовалиÑÑŒ УРС и “МТС-Украина”.
ÐеÑÐ¼Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ Ð½Ð° вÑе Ñто, в начале Ð´ÐµÐºÐ°Ð±Ñ€Ñ Ð±Ñ‹Ð» подпиÑан новый договор об интерконнекте между “Укртелекомом” и “КиевÑтаром”, а в конце меÑÑца о подпиÑании договора на 2009-2010 годы объÑвил “МТС-Украина”. УÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð»Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñтороны не комментируют, однако по имеющейÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸ они будут крайне невыгодными Ð´Ð»Ñ “Укртелекома”. Так, первое полугодие 2009 года будет закрыто по Ñтарым уÑловиÑм (раÑчеты Ñ “КиевÑтаром” проведут по цене 50 коп. за минуту), и лишь Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÑ‚ÑŒÐµÐ³Ð¾ квартала начнетÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñтепенное Ñнижение: до конца 2009 года - до 40-45 коп./мин., а в первом квартале 2010-го до 38 коп./мин. Подобные уÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑƒÐ´ÑƒÑ‚ и у “МТС-Украина”.
Таким образом, потери “Укртелекома” в 2009 году на интерконнекте могут доÑтичь 200 млн. грн. при том, что ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ñоператора и поддержка Ñо Ñтороны гоÑударÑтва позволÑли уÑтановить значительно меньшие Ñтавки на номера мобильных операторов. По имеющейÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸, принÑтие таких уÑловий могло Ñтоить руководÑтву или акционерам “КиевÑтара” около половины предÑтоÑщих им платежей Ñо Ñтороны “Укртелекома” по интерконнекту, то еÑÑ‚ÑŒ около 50 млн. грн. Официальных подтверждений Ñтой информации нет.
ОжидаетÑÑ, что из-за оÑтрой нехватки Ñвободных ÑредÑтв раÑчеты за интерконнект гоÑоператор проведет в первом квартале 2010 года. ПоÑкольку финанÑовые показатели за Ñтот период будут опубликованы ближе к лету, решать проблемы Ñ Ð´Ñ‹Ñ€Ð¾Ð¹ в баланÑе монополиÑта придетÑÑ ÑƒÐ¶Ðµ новому правительÑтву. Ðынешнее же попыталоÑÑŒ вытрÑÑти из “Укртелекома” еще немного ÑредÑтв. Так, 17 Ð´ÐµÐºÐ°Ð±Ñ€Ñ ÑоÑтоÑлоÑÑŒ Ñлушание по иÑку Фонда гоÑимущеÑтва отноÑительно дивидендов за 2007 год, которые ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ выплатила Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÑвÑзи Ñо Ñложным финанÑовым положением.
Ð’ ФГИ отметили, что оператор ÑоглаÑилÑÑ Ñ€Ð°ÑÑчитатьÑÑ Ñ Ñ„Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ и заплатит ему 74 млн. грн. Ðта Ñумма может Ñтать еще одним - возможно, поÑледним - гвоздем в гроб гоÑударÑтвенной Ñтратегии на рынке ÑвÑзи Ñтраны.
Владимир ОпанаÑенко
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To the joy of the national government in 2009 Ukrtelecom may conclude with a profit. At least, financial results will look much better than in 2008, when the operator”s net loss reached 1.5 billion UAH. Despite this, the continued operation of the largest fixed-line operator is complicated. Against the background of declining revenues as a result of competition from mobile operators and the lack of recent management decisions Ukrtelecom may lead to disastrous consequences.
most controversial step can be called the signing in late 2009 the first new contracts interconnect with Kyivstar and MTS-Ukraine. This will lead to loss gosoperatorom more than 100 million UAH. at the beginning of this year and further reduce cost. In order not to drive on the street nearly 90 thousand employees Ukrtelecom, the state will be forced to go to the deteriorating conditions in the communications market.
down an inclined
When in 2004 George was appointed head Dzekon Ukrtelecom, the company looked like the goose that lays golden eggs. 2003rd she finished with a net profit of 616 million UAH., In 2004 managed to earn over 900 million Such successes rescued bad state annually collects hundreds of millions of hryvnia in budget revenues.
But inevitably loomed ahead of privatization, reflecting a European trend of telecommunications. Already in 1999 adopted the Law “On peculiarities of privatization of Ukrtelecom, which included the sale of 42% of the shares of the operator. The arrival of the private owner, according to most experts, would enhance the efficiency of management and would take the company to new levels.
every year since the early 2000″s privatization has been brewing and - postponed. Particularly active this question began to be discussed after the arrival of the new government in 2005 and the successful re-privatization of Krivorozhstal, during which the state treasury replenished 24,2 billion UAH. The main contenders for Ukrtelecom called a number of major Western European operators, but in fact the struggle was between the two major players in Russia”s telecommunications market - “Altima” and “System”.
to modernize and increase the value of the spring of 2005 Ukrtelecom allowed to draw a loan of $ 500 million from Deutsche Bank and Credit Suisse, and at the end of the year - issued a license for third-generation, bypassing the contest and began preparations for the construction of mobile network.
But carry out privatization did not succeed. The reasons at different times become political conflicts between the higher branches of power or inadequate conditions. So, at first hovering idea of selling a 42.7-percent package while maintaining state control, and then - the sale of shares in small packets that are unlikely to be interested in investors who understand the need for major structural changes in Ukrtelecom after purchase. Moreover, as a result of high-tech crisis in the U.S. in 2001 and the active development of mobile operators attractiveness of large operators of wireline telephony significantly decreased. When the government finally dared to sell a controlling stake, the moment was lost. Most likely, forever.
Despite the impressive financial performance in the first half of the decade, the prospects Ukrtelecom became less rosy. The major problems were overblown staff and increasing competition from mobile operators. Prior to the cuts in 2008 in Ukrtelecom employed 120 thousand people, serving about 10 million fixed-line communications, while in European wireline operators staff considerably less. For example, in Telekom Austria in business fixed telephony involved 8,5 thousand employees at 2.3 million served by telephone lines. A total of Telekom Austria Group, providing services to fixed-mobile communications and Internet access in many countries of Eastern Europe, working less than 17 thousand employees.
pond lost opportunities
And yet Ukrtelecom was more than enough resources to reverse the situation and improve their prospects. This is the largest transportation network data capacity which were ready to lease other mobile and fixed communications. Sewerage and cable telecommunications (KKE), which provides a stable rental payments from users, operators. And, finally, a huge number of subscribers, which could offer new services at an additional cost.
However, most effectively use these resources management Ukrtelecom has failed. Top managers of private operators tell us that the state monopolies was not ready to provide attractive lease their resources, resulting in larger companies tried, whenever possible, to build its own infrastructure. As a result, backbone networks now have almost all the major operators in the country, and the excess capacity does not allow to make a delivery of the transport network in the lease. Main Control and Revision Office (Supreme Arbitrage) estimated the forgone Ukrtelecom income from this direction at the level of 900 million UAH.
gosoperatora hinder cooperation with private companies in the rental capacity transit network and the conflict could managerial and proprietary interests of George Dzekona. Thus, the market there are two leading companies in designing and laying of transport networks - Priocom and Atracom. Previously, “ZN” already wrote that both companies are controlled by George Dzekonu and his business partners (see number 6 of 6 March 2004). In particular, until recently the head of “Priokoma was Yevgeny Zimin, a defendant in the scandal surrounding the transit server and CEC BYuT faction. It is called the trustee G. Dzekona.
fact
affiliation “Priokoma and Atrakoma” is not a secret. Companies jointly participated in the construction and design of major transport networks to private operators. The largest project in the portfolio “Atrakoma” - building for Kyivstar transport network for 21 thousand kilometers. Other customers were UMC (now “MTS-Ukraine”), URS (TM Beeline), “Intertelecom”, “Datagroup” and “Telesystems of Ukraine”. “Priocom also completed projects for Kyivstar, MTS-Ukraine”, URS and Utel. Clearly, having access to transport infrastructure Ukrtelecom controlled by George Dzekonu company could inexpensively build a backbone network, and the motivation chapter board gosoperatora to offer online rentals in adequate conditions was close to zero.
Lack of effective work withexisting customers has led to the fact that mobile communication in Ukraine has become more and more to advance on a fixed position. This is especially apparent after the beginning of 2006, when the telecom market entrants - Astelit (TM life:) and Beeline - have fallen off the price of calls to mobile networks, and Ukrtelecom stubbornly refused to lower date rate
1,2 UAH. per minute for calls to cellular network operators. As a result, subscribers gosoperatora less communicate with mobile subscribers and gradually moved away from him. Now about 90% of calls of cellular subscribers is locked inside the mobile network operators.
Promising high-speed Internet service, which replaced dial-up access (dial-up), was significantly under-funded, resulting in output Ukrtelecom to market Internet access took place late and quite sluggish. Even in 2008, remained part of the connection fixed telephones and the Internet under the brand name “Wow!” Although gosoperator now serves about 800 thousand Internet users, the figures could be much higher due to the 10 million subscriber base. For example, from 1.8 million subscribers “will” use the Internet 370 thousand people, ie one in five. We Ukrtelecom - every 12-th. But Internet subscribers generate higher incomes than users of telephony, as rates on this relatively new service is not regulated by the state.
Reduce capital investment in the fixed network was partly due to dividend policy. According to the results in 2004 were paid to shareholders of 730 million UAH. (with net profit of 900 million UAH.), in 2005 - 208 million (519 million) in 2006 - 166 million (468 million UAH.). The lion”s share of that money was the state, making it easier for governments filling budgets.
then own and borrowed resources Ukrtelecom were directed at the most controversial projects - the development of third generation mobile communication (3G) under the trademark Utel. During the 2007-2008, according to G. Dzekona, the construction of a new network spent more than 1,5 billion UAH., Including 56 million UAH. - For an ad campaign.
Although the relationship of the third generation was then considered a promising, half point in the implementation of this project was lost after the collapse of negotiations with Vodafone, which took place in the middle
2007. Why is operators continued leadership as expensive project - the history is silent. But we know that in January 2008, the first - a month after the start of 3G-sales service - the director of marketing and sales services Utel left Helena Minic. To understand why this happened, should look at the results Ukrtelecom for the first quarter of 2009: for
January-March of proceeds from the sale of mobile communications services amounted to 22 million UAH. despite the fact that at that time subscribers Utel were 210 thousand people.
How long at these rates will pay off the project with polutoramilliardnymi investments - are difficult to calculate. Against this backdrop, looks very impressive sales
245 million UAH. from the sale of services “Wow!”. Although this figure could be increased.
crisis in the box
a more difficult market conditions and lack of consistency in the management of Ukrtelecom paid off in the middle of 2008, when the loss for the first two quarters exceeded UAH 100 million. and the Ministry of Transport and Communications was filed finplan with a net annual loss at the level of 1,5 billion
UAH.
about the same time a report was published Supreme Arbitrage, where they were given the numerous violations that led to the unjustified increase in costs or shortfall in the revenue of tens and hundreds of millions of hryvnia. The report noted that from 2004 to 2007 theproportion of the most expensive intercity and international traffic fell from 82 to 32%, subscriber acquisition was carried out inefficiently, resulting in 2007 in the queue for connection stood at 1.3 million 200 thousand idle trunks (the equivalent of 2 million subscribers). Attention was drawn to the irresponsible financial planning. In particular, for the year 2007 was founded an advertising budget of $ 160 million UAH., Ten times higher than limits set by the state. A management bonuses to 25 million UAH. exceeded the industry norm agreement between the Ministry of Transport and Communications and the communications workers” union.
That was not the first test Ukrtelecom of the Supreme Arbitrage. Violations occurred even in 2006, when the auditors pointed to inadequate cost accounting with mobile operators, in which state-owned company was losing tens of millions of hryvnia, and the concentration of financial flows in order to “hide the wiser.” However, neither of these checks, nor threaten to damage not cost the company management positions. Following criticism by the minister of transport and communication Joseph Vinsky adopted a new finplan in 2008, providing a profit of $ 8,7 million UAH.
To achieve this result, the market regulator - the National Commission for Communications Regulation (NCCR) - raised rates for urban and local networks in the regions by 20%, thereby closing a “hole” in the financial plan. In addition, the Government initiated the establishment of the universal service fund, which was filled by two-three-percent fee and allowances to be spent on unprofitable but socially important activities of operators. In a large portion of these funds (about 700 million UAH. Per year) would be able to claim Ukrtelecom, but Parliament refused to support the initiative, rejecting the bill.
all the “i” set up the crisis. In the fourth quarter of 2008 as a result of the devaluation of the hryvnia operator was forced to reassess its obligations to foreign creditors, which, coupled with falling demand and the backlog of earlier problems resulted in 2008-the first in a net loss of $ 1.52 billion UAH. Zakreditovannost Ukrtelecom can not be called very high: in the beginning of 2009 its obligations amounted to about 3 billion UAH. (with income in 2008 at the level of 7,9 billion UAH.). However, since 2009-the first state-owned companies have started large-scale payments previously received loans: for years she had to pay the equivalent of almost 1 billion UAH. foreign banks.
This free funds from Ukrtelecom virtually none. This can be seen in terms of placement in February 2009, during which Ukrtelecom attracted 200 million UAH. under 30% per annum in the first year of circulation of papers. Under the same percentage of occupied only in extreme cases, as, for example, the government late last year to implement the state budget.
Sensing the difficulty in attracting new money, George Dzekon started saving to the maximum. Under attack were employees. In addition to new large-scale reductions, they have lost all allowances and bonuses. And without them, motivate quality staff to work very hard. After all, the average salary in Ukrtelecom is 2 thousand grn. per month, while mobile operators are paying much more.
In addition, reductions are carried out effectively. According to staff, the first “under the knife” usually fall technical specialists in the field, while the vertical managerial less exposed “optimization”. The quality of service in such an approach, however.
been tightening and relationships with other operators. Suffered more than any other alternative operators of fixed communications. In the summer of 2009 Ukrtelecom increased charges for using the KKE, which he controls, in six to eight times. This cable is used for sewerage installation of telecommunication cables in the cities, where different hard to reach the customer. Losses from such a decision gosoperatora for tenants tens of millions of hryvnia, which is very important for not very large companies.
largest tenant KKE - Group of Companies Vega - refused to sign new contracts, resulting in suffering from the cable cutting in the regions, and its subscribers (including corporate) - from communication breakdowns. Regulators have yet been able to solve this problem, despite the apparent abuse of monopoly power.
large - in private
most dramatic conflict developed Ukrtelecom with mobile operators interconnect rates for access to network with each other (interconnect). Within the first anti-crisis decisions George Dzekona in late 2008, cellular operators were sent a proposal to renegotiate agreements on the interconnect to the new conditions.
Interconnect is one of the most effective mechanisms of market regulation. In fact, this wholesale charges for calls to operators at the number of subscribers served by competitors. The unit - one minute.
In the world there are different approaches to regulating market interconnect. In some countries, these rates are high, in some - Related Stories payments to non-existent. Practiced well as establishing different rates for different operators. For example, during the birth of mobile wholesale prices for calls to fixed networks were significantly lower than in the mobile. This led to the fact that the fixed operators actually subsidized the development of cell.
similar asymmetry exists for large and small operators: rates on large network, set at a lower level than on a network of small, what triggers the development and consolidation of the past due to the possibility to set lower rates.
in Ukraine until the end of 2008 interconnect rates were quite high (close to the retail cost of minute) and placed asymmetrically in favor of cellular operators. Thus, one minute call to the network Ukrtelecom they paid 25 kopeks., While for gosoperatora value of one minute call to the cellular network was 50 kopecks. Around the same working conditions and other operators of fixed communications.
This led to the fact that they, and especially Ukrtelecom, pay more mobile than they receive from them. A higher amount of rates complicated the entry of new players. In particular, Beeline, PEOPLEnet and Utel their failures is largely attributable to high rates of interconnect. Obviously, leaving them at the same level, depressing the state competition in the communications market and contributed to a super mobile operators.
Ð’ Ñтом Ñвете Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ “Укртелекома” переÑмотреть Ñтавки интерконнекта выглÑдели вполне логично. Однако компании, не Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÑ€ÑÑ‚ÑŒ доходы в уÑловиÑÑ… кризиÑа, отказалиÑÑŒ подпиÑать новые договоры, оÑпорив Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ñоператора в Ñудах. РазбирательÑтва вели вÑе крупнейшие Ñотовые операторы: “КиевÑтар”, “МТС-Украина” и “ÐÑтелит” (ТМ life:). Однако Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñудов лишь заморозили Ñитуацию в подвешенном ÑоÑтоÑнии.
ВеÑной 2009 года на арену вышел Ðнтимонопольный комитет Украины (ÐМКУ), от которого требовали признать вÑех операторов монополиÑтами на Ñвоих ÑетÑÑ… и разрешить отраÑлевому регулÑтору (ÐКРС) уÑтанавливать Ñтавки интерконнекта ÑамоÑтоÑтельно. ПоÑле некоторых проволочек Ðнтимонопольный комитет вÑе же принÑл волевое решение, однако буквально через неÑколько дней приоÑтановил его в ÑвÑзи Ñ “вновь открывшимиÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑтоÑтельÑтвами”. Такое решение противоречит процеÑÑуальной практике ÐМКУ, однако оно было принÑто в результате переговоров “КиевÑтара” и “МТС-Украина” Ñ ÐšÐ°Ð±Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð¼, которые завершилиÑÑŒ доÑрочной уплатой налога на прибыль Ñтими операторами.
Как выÑÑнилоÑÑŒ оÑенью, отÑутÑтвие подпиÑанных договоров было лишь на руку “Укртелекому”. Ведь количеÑтво звонков Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ñети на Ñети мобильных операторов до Ñих пор немного выше, чем в обратном направлении, поÑтому в уÑловиÑÑ… отÑутÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… раÑчетов оператор мог ÑÑкономить в 2009 году более 200 млн. грн. РуководÑтво допуÑкало возможноÑÑ‚ÑŒ не раÑÑчитыватьÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ñтому долгу. “ЕÑли в Ð²Ð¾Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ñ Ñ€ÐµÐ³ÑƒÐ»Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñтавок вмешаютÑÑ ÐКРС и ÐМКУ, долг учитыватьÑÑ Ð½Ðµ будет, так как закон обратной Ñилы не имеет”, - отмечал в газете “КоммерÑант-Украина” директор филиала объединенных продаж “Укртелекома” Игорь Сиротенко. Ð’ третьем квартале “КиевÑтар” даже ÑпиÑал Ñту задолженноÑÑ‚ÑŒ, Ð¾Ñ†ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑ‚ÑŒ ее Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº маловероÑтную.
О том, что гоÑоператор не был намерен раÑÑчитыватьÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ интерконнекту за 2009 год, говорил и тот факт, что он пропуÑкал звонки операторов мобильной ÑвÑзи друг другу через Ñвою Ñеть, Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¸Ñ€ÑƒÑ Ð¸Ñ… раÑходы по данной Ñтатье. Ðтим пользовалиÑÑŒ УРС и “МТС-Украина”.
ÐеÑÐ¼Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ Ð½Ð° вÑе Ñто, в начале Ð´ÐµÐºÐ°Ð±Ñ€Ñ Ð±Ñ‹Ð» подпиÑан новый договор об интерконнекте между “Укртелекомом” и “КиевÑтаром”, а в конце меÑÑца о подпиÑании договора на 2009-2010 годы объÑвил “МТС-Украина”. УÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð»Ð°ÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñтороны не комментируют, однако по имеющейÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸ они будут крайне невыгодными Ð´Ð»Ñ “Укртелекома”. Так, первое полугодие 2009 года будет закрыто по Ñтарым уÑловиÑм (раÑчеты Ñ “КиевÑтаром” проведут по цене 50 коп. за минуту), и лишь Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÑ‚ÑŒÐµÐ³Ð¾ квартала начнетÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñтепенное Ñнижение: до конца 2009 года - до 40-45 коп./мин., а в первом квартале 2010-го до 38 коп./мин. Подобные уÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑƒÐ´ÑƒÑ‚ и у “МТС-Украина”.
Таким образом, потери “Укртелекома” в 2009 году на интерконнекте могут доÑтичь 200 млн. грн. при том, что ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ñоператора и поддержка Ñо Ñтороны гоÑударÑтва позволÑли уÑтановить значительно меньшие Ñтавки на номера мобильных операторов. По имеющейÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ñ„Ð¾Ñ€Ð¼Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸, принÑтие таких уÑловий могло Ñтоить руководÑтву или акционерам “КиевÑтара” около половины предÑтоÑщих им платежей Ñо Ñтороны “Укртелекома” по интерконнекту, то еÑÑ‚ÑŒ около 50 млн. грн. Официальных подтверждений Ñтой информации нет.
ОжидаетÑÑ, что из-за оÑтрой нехватки Ñвободных ÑредÑтв раÑчеты за интерконнект гоÑоператор проведет в первом квартале 2010 года. ПоÑкольку финанÑовые показатели за Ñтот период будут опубликованы ближе к лету, решать проблемы Ñ Ð´Ñ‹Ñ€Ð¾Ð¹ в баланÑе монополиÑта придетÑÑ ÑƒÐ¶Ðµ новому правительÑтву. Ðынешнее же попыталоÑÑŒ вытрÑÑти из “Укртелекома” еще немного ÑредÑтв. Так, 17 Ð´ÐµÐºÐ°Ð±Ñ€Ñ ÑоÑтоÑлоÑÑŒ Ñлушание по иÑку Фонда гоÑимущеÑтва отноÑительно дивидендов за 2007 год, которые ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ выплатила Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÑвÑзи Ñо Ñложным финанÑовым положением.
Ð’ ФГИ отметили, что оператор ÑоглаÑилÑÑ Ñ€Ð°ÑÑчитатьÑÑ Ñ Ñ„Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ и заплатит ему 74 млн. грн. Ðта Ñумма может Ñтать еще одним - возможно, поÑледним - гвоздем в гроб гоÑударÑтвенной Ñтратегии на рынке ÑвÑзи Ñтраны.
Владимир ОпанаÑенко
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